Amazon, QuEra promise useful quantum error correction by 2028

As the year progresses, the quantum computing sphere is abuzz with significant developments, particularly as firms strive to meet key milestones. Recently, notable announcements have emerged, hinting at the potential for practical, error-corrected quantum computing by 2028. These updates include enhancements to trapped ion processors and a slight retraction of previous claims regarding quantum supremacy, influenced by advancements in conventional algorithms. Experts in the field generally agree that while some useful quantum algorithms can currently run on existing, error-prone systems, the full realization of quantum computing's capabilities remains approximately five to ten years away. To tackle the more complex problems suitable for quantum applications, effective error correction is essential. This involves creating logical qubits by linking smaller hardware qubits together, which allows for the monitoring and rectification of errors. To perform meaningful computations, a substantial number of logical qubits are necessary—around 100 for modeling simple chemical behaviors and potentially tens of thousands for executing intricate algorithms, such as those capable of breaking encryption. This raises the question of what constitutes 'useful' computing, as it varies based on application. Currently, the available quantum technologies are faced with a dilemma: they can either provide high-quality qubits or a large quantity of them, but not both simultaneously. To achieve the long-term goals outlined in various roadmaps, several years of steady advancements are required, hence the projected timelines of five to ten years for meaningful breakthroughs.