Closer to human spaceflight: ISRO completes major drogue parachute tests for Gaganyaan

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has marked a significant achievement in its human spaceflight initiative by successfully conducting vital tests on the drogue parachutes integral to the Gaganyaan Crew Module's deceleration system. This milestone was reached during a series of qualification tests held at the Rail Track Rocket Sled (RTRS) facility of the Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory (TBRL) in Chandigarh on December 18 and 19. The aim of these rigorous tests was to assess the performance and reliability of the drogue parachutes under a variety of extreme flight conditions. The Gaganyaan Crew Module features a sophisticated deceleration system that includes ten parachutes of four distinct types, all designed to ensure the safe return of astronauts to Earth. The descent sequence initiates with the activation of two apex cover separation parachutes, which remove the protective casing of the parachute compartment. Following this, two drogue parachutes are deployed to stabilize the module and reduce its speed during the critical atmospheric re-entry phase. The tests confirmed that these drogue parachutes effectively performed their roles even amid significant flight condition variations. Once the drogue parachutes fulfill their function, three pilot parachutes are released. This action extracts three main parachutes, which further decelerate the Crew Module, allowing for a controlled and safe landing. ISRO emphasized the drogue parachutes' critical role in stabilizing the crew module and reducing its velocity to safe levels before the main parachutes engage. Both tests conducted during this two-day campaign achieved all objectives, confirming the durability of the drogue parachutes. The successful completion of these tests represents a major step forward in qualifying the parachute system for human spaceflight. The campaign benefitted from the active involvement and support of various institutions, including the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) and the Aerial Delivery Research and Development Establishment (ADRDE) of DRDO, highlighting the collaborative spirit driving the Gaganyaan mission.