DoT releases National Frequency Allocation Plan 2025: What you should know

The Department of Telecommunications (DoT), part of the Ministry of Communications, has officially launched the National Frequency Allocation Plan 2025 (NFAP 2025), aimed at improving the management and distribution of radio-frequency spectrum in India. This new framework, effective from December 30, 2025, is designed to ensure that India’s spectrum management is both responsive and scalable, aligning with global standards. The NFAP 2025 encompasses the allocation of radio-frequency spectrum across a wide range, from 8.3 kHz to 3000 GHz, serving as a vital reference for various stakeholders including spectrum managers, wireless service providers, and telecom equipment manufacturers. According to the DoT, the plan introduces strategic updates to address the increasing demand for spectrum tied to next-generation technologies. A key highlight of the NFAP is the identification of the 6425–7125 MHz band designated for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT). This allocation is expected to significantly boost the availability of mid-band spectrum, which is essential for the rollout of 5G, 5G Advanced, and future 6G networks. Additionally, the plan includes the allocation of Ka, Q, and V bands for satellite communications, vital for supporting high-throughput Geo-Stationary Orbit (GSO) satellites and expansive non-GSO satellite constellations. Minister of Communications Jyotiraditya Scindia recently indicated that the government is preparing to allocate spectrum to satellite communication players. Provisional spectrum has already been assigned to certain companies to verify compliance with security regulations. He emphasized that two main concerns need to be addressed by license holders, such as OneWeb, Reliance Jio, and Starlink, including compliance with security clearances related to international gateways and ensuring data localization. In a recent parliamentary session, Scindia reaffirmed that India’s satellite communication policy is firmly established, and the allocation of satellite spectrum will occur administratively rather than through auctions. The NFAP document also addresses the need for uninterrupted broadband access in both air and maritime environments, with additional spectrum earmarked for In-Flight and Maritime Connectivity (IFMC). Furthermore, the NFAP supports emerging technologies, such as Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, which is critical for the development of connected transportation systems. The ministry highlighted that these enhancements will ensure India's spectrum management is not only responsive and high-capacity but also in line with global standards, thereby fostering both current and future digital innovations and contributing to the development of India's technology ecosystem.