Tiny falcons are helping keep the food supply safe on cherry farms

Each spring, raptors make their way back to nesting grounds across northern Michigan, with the American kestrel (Falco sparverius)—the smallest of these birds of prey—soaring through cherry orchards in search of minuscule creatures to hunt. While this quest sustains the kestrels, it also provides a significant boon to local cherry farmers. For decades, fruit growers have engaged in a mutually beneficial relationship with kestrels, installing nesting boxes to attract these birds. In return, the kestrels help control populations of pests such as mice, voles, and songbirds that threaten unharvested crops. Recent research indicates that these clever raptors do more than just reduce crop damage; they may also play a crucial role in mitigating the risk of food-borne illnesses. A study published in November in the *Journal of Applied Ecology* reveals that kestrels contribute to keeping harmful pathogens away from fruit destined for consumers. By preying on and scaring off small birds that carry these pathogens, orchards with nesting kestrels reported a significant reduction in pest activity. Specifically, orchards that welcomed these birds experienced an 81% decrease in crop damage—from bite marks to missing fruit—and a 66% decline in branches tainted by bird droppings. Olivia Smith, the lead author of the study and an assistant professor of horticulture at Michigan State University, noted, "Kestrels are not very costly to introduce into orchards, yet they effectively deter unwanted bird species. Plus, they are well-liked by people, making them an appealing option for pest management." Developing effective pest management strategies is crucial for cherry farmers, as pests can cause significant damage, exacerbating challenges already faced by the cherry industry, including climate change, labor shortages, and fluctuations in international trade. To combat pest-related damage, growers have resorted to various methods, including nets, noisemakers, scarecrows, pesticides, and the removal of natural habitats surrounding their crops.