'White-collar worker resentment could wreck AI': Nandan Nilekani flags diffusion as the real challenge

At the India AI Summit 2026, Nandan Nilekani, the non-executive chairman of Infosys, expressed serious concerns regarding the future of artificial intelligence. He cautioned that if the advantages of AI do not equitably benefit the broader population, a backlash from white-collar workers could jeopardize the technology's potential. Nilekani emphasized the need to shift focus from the development of foundational AI models to the vital process of diffusion—effectively extending AI's reach to a billion individuals. "While the advancements in foundational models are impressive, the real challenge lies in how we disseminate this technology widely," he remarked during a fireside chat. "In India, we have valuable experience in making technology accessible to large populations." He pointed to the success of India's Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) as a case study for large-scale deployment. With over 1.4 billion people registered on Aadhaar and 500 billion transactions processed through UPI monthly, Nilekani underscored the importance of a strategic approach to technology diffusion. "This process is both an art and a science, involving institutions, policymaking, and collaboration between established players and newcomers." For AI investments to create societal value, Nilekani insisted on the necessity of exploring effective diffusion pathways. He advocated for India to become a global leader in practical AI applications, highlighting the importance of enhancing the quality of life for diverse populations, including improving educational outcomes and increasing farmers' incomes. Nilekani described AI as more than just a technological innovation; it also encompasses building trust, negotiating with various stakeholders, and establishing regulatory frameworks. He acknowledged that achieving widespread adoption of AI is complex and requires a collective vision among different players. He further noted that the current landscape of AI features both a race to innovate and a race to misuse the technology, with the latter outpacing the former. "Everyone invested in ensuring that AI serves humanity needs to intensify their efforts in facilitating effective diffusion. The alternative could lead to severe consequences, akin to the backlash experienced during the globalization era," he warned. "If AI merely results in negative outcomes, like deep fakes or rising utility costs, public resentment will follow. The grievances of white-collar workers could mirror those of blue-collar workers and instigate a significant crisis for AI."